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What merchants do when they bill you

Retries, receipts, descriptors and portals: the machinery behind every charge a service makes.

How merchants bill · 3 min

Dunning, explained: how services chase a missed payment

Dunning is the process a service runs after a payment fails: automatic retries, reminder emails and, eventually, limits on your account. Knowing the usual sequence helps you fix a failed renewal before it costs you access.

How merchants bill · 3 min

Invoice or receipt? The documents a service sends and why

Services send several kinds of billing documents, and the names are used loosely. Knowing the difference between an invoice, a receipt and a credit note tells you what you owe, what you paid and what you got back.